Allocate stock and explain what buyers can obtain

Purpose

Commerce reserves stock for checkout and commits units to accepted purchases.

How It Works

Stock-aware selling begins with availability across sellable locations. A product's policy determines whether a shortage can become a backorder. Limited goods can be held while checkout is under way. Placement commits individual units, and later delivery and cancellation change their allocation state. The same records supply storefront availability and staff counts. Concurrent buyers contend through the stock safeguards rather than relying on the earlier availability display. The product should show which order or checkout holds each unavailable unit.

Relationships

Organize warehouses and stock locations supplies or consumes related delivery records.
Prepare an order's goods for dispatch supplies or consumes related delivery records.
Keep stock movements and transfers accountable supplies or consumes related delivery records.
Reconcile shelf counts and stock findings supplies or consumes related delivery records.

Show evidence (sources, provenance, origins, pinned commits)

The Formal Contract

The narrative above explains; the sections below are authoritative — the rules, scenarios and tests this document binds.

Outcomes: Product policy controls whether shortage can become backorder.Shared availability logic supplies storefront and staff views.
Surfaces: apijob

Controls

21 controls apply, from the corpus control catalogue.

TC-AZ-001 TC-AZ-002 TC-AZ-003 TC-AZ-004 TC-AZ-006 TC-TEN-001 TC-TEN-002 TC-TEN-003 TC-CRY-001 TC-DAT-001 TC-DAT-002 TC-DAT-003 TC-DAT-004 TC-LOG-004 TC-LOG-005 TC-PI-001 TC-PI-002 TC-PI-003 TC-PI-005 TC-PRV-001 TC-PRV-002

Permissions

Key	Checked at	Scope
`commerce.inventory.read`	api	tenant

Business Rules

10 rules, 8 to be proved before approval. A rule's product intent is derived from its origin: 0 confirmed by a product decision, the rest inheriting this capability's proposed.

Id	Rule	Kind	Enforced at	Provenance
`01`must prove Proposed	Placement commits one allocation per ordered unit in sellable-location order with order and line references, and repeating the line claim creates no duplicate units. no proof recorded yet	calculation	service, database	test services-commerce:modules/inventory/tests/integration/services/stock/merchandise-claims.integration.spec.js#writes one committed unit per unit on the first location in allocation order, unit 0 and 1, each stamped with the order and the line
`02`must prove Proposed	A short claim either rejects insufficient stock or commits available units and backorders the remainder according to product policy, creating a first-location item when needed and excluding backorders from available-stock consumption. no proof recorded yet	policy	service, database	test services-commerce:modules/inventory/tests/integration/services/stock/merchandise-claims.integration.spec.js#commits what exists and backorders the rest when the product allows it (A12), the shortfall counting as backordered, never against available
`03`must prove Proposed	Concurrent placements for the final stock permit one winner and reject the others as insufficient-stock claim conflicts without placing their orders. origin: D-P8I-21 (build decision, not a product ruling): services-commerce:docs/migrations/inventory/README.md#D-P8I-21 no proof recorded yet	invariant	database	test services-commerce:modules/inventory/tests/e2e/merchandise-placement.e2e.spec.js#lets exactly one placement win and refuses the nine others 409 claim_conflict naming the item, the SKU and insufficient_stock
`04`must prove Proposed	Limited stock can be held for checkout until expiry, extended only within the product window, committed at placement and released on order void. no proof recorded yet	lifecycle	service, database	test services-commerce:modules/inventory/tests/e2e/merchandise-placement.e2e.spec.js#extends the hold within the window and refuses one past it, 409 hold_not_extendable
`05`must prove Proposed	Held units consume held balance and committed or picked units consume allocated balance; each row represents one unit, requires its state-specific references and cannot change item or duplicate a live checkout-unit hold. no proof recorded yet	invariant	database	test services-commerce:modules/inventory/tests/integration/db/inventory-tables.table.integration.spec.js#counts a held row against held, a committed one against allocated and a released one against nothing, through the trigger
`06`must prove Proposed	One availability rule supplies storefront states and console counts, reporting untracked products available without stock numbers. no proof recorded yet	calculation	service	test services-commerce:modules/inventory/tests/e2e/inventory.e2e.spec.js#answers the availability in the storefront’s words: limited with what is left, unavailable for more than the shelf has, backorder for the shirt, available for a product it does not track
`07`must prove Proposed	Authorized delivery picks committed units, void and delivered cancellation release units with reasons, and partial cancellation releases only its selected units. no proof recorded yet	lifecycle	service	test services-commerce:modules/inventory/tests/integration/services/stock/merchandise-claims.integration.spec.js#releases a line’s committed units on a void, giving the stock back; a release naming nothing live answers released: []
`08`must prove Proposed	A shipment and claim contending for the same item cannot consume the same unit. no proof recorded yet	invariant	database	test services-commerce:modules/inventory/tests/integration/services/stock/merchandise-claims.integration.spec.js#answers the claim, once it gets the row, insufficient_stock: the unit the shipment took is not claimed twice
`09` Proposed	Once checkout becomes an order, its checkout-item holds are released.	lifecycle	service	test services-commerce:modules/inventory/tests/integration/services/stock/merchandise-claims.integration.spec.js#releases a checkout item’s held units when the checkout stands as the order (D-P2-03)
`10` Proposed	Inventory-read authority permits allocation inspection by order, line, item, checkout item and state.	permission	api	observed services-commerce:modules/inventory/aws/api/inventory.routes.ts:listInventoryAllocations

Scenarios

Id	Given	When	Then	Provenance
`01`	Ten carts compete for a single remaining cap.	Place all carts concurrently.	One order succeeds, nine conflict and no stock remains available.	test services-commerce:modules/inventory/tests/e2e/merchandise-placement.e2e.spec.js#placed nothing for the losers (their checkouts open, the refusal on their trail) and left the shelf with the winner’s unit allocated and nothing available

Edge Cases

Id	Given	When	Then	Provenance
`02`	Backorders are allowed and one unit is available.	Place a two-unit purchase.	One unit is committed and another backordered, with backorder availability for the next buyer.	test services-commerce:modules/inventory/tests/e2e/merchandise-placement.e2e.spec.js#advised the two as a backorder of one, and placed them: one unit committed, one backordered, the SKU showing backorder to the next buyer

Planning

Allocate stock and explain what buyers can obtain ​

Purpose ​

How It Works ​

Relationships ​